Working principle of transformer oil filter

A transformer oil filtration machine is designed to remove contaminants from transformer oil, such as moisture, dissolved gases, and impurities, ensuring the oil's dielectric strength and insulating properties. Here's an explanation of its working principle:

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 Working Principle of Transformer Oil Filtration Machine

1. Oil Intake:

   - Transformer oil is drawn into the machine using a vacuum pump or an inlet pump.

2. Heating:

   - The oil is passed through a heating system to raise its temperature, typically to 60–80°C.

   - Purpose: Heating reduces the viscosity of the oil, making it easier to remove moisture and dissolved gases during the next stages.

3. Preliminary Filtration:

   - The heated oil passes through a coarse filter to remove larger solid particles and debris.

4. Dehydration and Degassing:

   - The oil enters a vacuum chamber where it is exposed to a high vacuum environment.

   - Dehydration: The high vacuum causes the water in the oil (both free and dissolved moisture) to evaporate.

   - Degassing: The vacuum also removes dissolved gases, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, which can degrade the oil's insulating properties.

5. Fine Filtration:

   - The oil flows through a series of fine filters to remove minute particles and impurities (down to a micron level).

   - Filters may include:

     - Activated carbon filters: For removing color and impurities.

     - Mechanical fine filters: For trapping particles.

6. Cooling (Optional):

   - In some machines, the oil is cooled back to an operational temperature before being returned to the transformer.

7. Oil Discharge:

   - The purified oil is pumped back into the transformer or a storage tank, ready for use.

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 Key Components of the Machine

1. Vacuum Pump: Creates a low-pressure environment for degassing and dehydration.

2. Heating Element: Warms the oil to facilitate the removal of moisture and gases.

3. Filters: Multi-stage filters for removing particles of varying sizes.

4. Moisture Separator: Separates water vapor extracted from the oil.

5. Control System: Monitors temperature, pressure, and flow rate for optimal operation.

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 Advantages

- Improves Oil Quality: Restores the dielectric strength and insulation properties of the oil.

- Prolongs Equipment Life: Prevents degradation of the transformer's internal components.

- Cost-Effective: Reduces the need for frequent oil replacement.

- Environmental Protection: Minimizes oil wastage by reconditioning it for reuse.

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Transformer oil filtration machines are essential for maintaining the performance and reliability of transformers, particularly in high-voltage and critical power systems.